{"id":4395,"date":"2026-10-05T17:13:59","date_gmt":"2026-10-05T17:13:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rokhamhub.com\/?p=4395"},"modified":"2026-10-05T17:47:34","modified_gmt":"2026-10-05T17:47:34","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b2%d9%84%d8%aa-basalt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rokhamhub.com\/en\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b2%d9%84%d8%aa-basalt\/","title":{"rendered":"Basalt"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-wd-paragraph wd-4c445f56\">A widespread extrusive volcanic igneous rock that forms when lava cools and solidifies quickly on or near the earth's surface.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-wd-paragraph wd-14234da3\">The key properties of this unique rock and its uses compared with sandstone:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-wd-paragraph wd-e0d272ae\"><strong>1. <\/strong><strong>\u00a0Composition and chemical makeup:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Basic rock<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> Basalt is characterized by its low silica content (less than 52%) and its high iron and magnesium content.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Main minerals<\/strong>: It consists mainly of pyroxene minerals (Pyroxene), plagioclase (Plagioclase), and sometimes olivine (Olivine).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Fine-grained texture:<\/strong> Because the lava cools quickly at the surface, the crystals do not have enough time to grow, making its texture smooth and fine and not easily visible to the naked eye.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-wd-paragraph wd-1af96328\"><strong>2. <\/strong><strong>\u00a0Color and appearance<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Dark color:<\/strong> It is predominantly black or dark gray, due to its richness in heavy iron and magnesium minerals.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Volcanic voids<\/strong><strong>: <\/strong>Some basalt contains small holes or voids (Vesicles) caused by trapped gases escaping as the rock solidifies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-wd-paragraph wd-5193c879\"><strong>3. <\/strong><strong>\u00a0Physical properties<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Hardness and durability<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> It is one of the hardest rocks, highly resistant to wear, pressure and weathering, and far superior to sandstone in hardness.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>High density<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> It has a high density and specific gravity compared with sedimentary and acidic rocks.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-wd-paragraph wd-9a8ac8e4\"><strong>4. <\/strong><strong>\u00a0Main uses:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Road and railway paving<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> Basalt is crushed for use as aggregate (Aggregates) in road concrete and railway beds thanks to its enormous capacity to bear heavy loads.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Modern industries (basalt fiber): <\/strong>Basalt is melted and drawn into strong fibers that resist high heat and acids, used as an advanced alternative to glass and carbon fibers in thermal insulation and material reinforcement.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Building and decorative stone:<\/strong> It is used for cladding building facades and outdoor floors (such as paving stone in historic streets), giving a grand, imposing look and excellent durability.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":4396,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_rhkc_fx":40,"_rhkc_fy":40,"_rhkc_fz":1,"footnotes":""},"categories":[437],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4395","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-egyptian-materials"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rokhamhub.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4395","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rokhamhub.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rokhamhub.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rokhamhub.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rokhamhub.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4395"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/rokhamhub.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4395\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4397,"href":"https:\/\/rokhamhub.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4395\/revisions\/4397"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rokhamhub.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4396"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rokhamhub.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4395"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rokhamhub.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4395"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rokhamhub.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4395"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}